Acetabular erosion following bipolar hemiarthroplasty: A role for the size of femoral head?

Introduction

Femoral neck fractures are the most frequent fractures in the elderly and hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice. The objective of this multicenter study is to identify predictive factors of acetabular erosion after bipolar hemiarthroplasty (surgery between 1997 and 2007) in a mobile independent population during a follow-up of ten years.

Cognitive functions and psychological symptoms in migraine: a study on patients with and without aura

Aim: Migraine is neurological disorder with a complex pathophysiology. We described the neuropsychological profile of 100 migraineurs (50 with visual aura and 50 without aura), in interictal phase, compared to 50 matched healthy controls.

Materials and methods: A battery of standardized neuropsychological tests was used to assess attention, memory and executive functions. Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety were used to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms. Severity of disability during daily activities was assessed by Migraine Disability Assessment.

Results: Migraine without aura showed a significant difference in comparison to healthy controls in semantic verbal fluency (p?=?0.02), delayed memory (p?<?0.001) and set-shifting (p?<?0.001). Migraine with aura showed a significant difference in delayed memory (p?=?0.001) and set-shifting (p?=?0.005) if compared to healthy controls. No significant correlation between cognitive functions and mood was found (HAM-A p?=?0.67) (BDI-II p?=?0.42).

Conclusions: Our data showed isolate and specific cognitive deficit during interictal phase in migraine patients. Future studies are need to identify if specific migraine characteristics may affect cognitive functions.     

Assessment of volume preservation performed before or after partial nephrectomy accurately predicts postoperative renal function: Results from a prospective multicenter study

Purpose

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is standard for small renal masses, improving renal function by preserving renal parenchyma compared with radical nephrectomy. Recent work demonstrated that postoperative surgeon assessment of volume preservation (SAVP) and 3D imaging measurements agree and correlate with postoperative function. We hypothesize preoperative assessment of volume preservation (PAVP) with PN based on preoperative imaging will reliably indicate postoperative renal function.

In Utero Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene Induces Ovarian Mutations at Doses That Deplete Ovarian Follicles in Mice

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Our prior work showed that transplacental exposure to BaP depletes ovarian follicles and increases prevalence of epithelial ovarian tumors later in life. We used the MutaMouse transgenic rodent model to address the hypothesis that ovarian mutations play a role in tumorigenesis caused by prenatal exposure to BaP. Pregnant MutaMouse females were treated with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/(kg day) BaP orally on gestational days 7–16, covering critical windows of ovarian development. Female offspring were euthanized at 10 weeks of age; some ovaries with oviducts were processed for follicle counting; other ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow were processed for determination of lacZ mutant frequency (MF). Mutant plaques were pooled within dose groups and sequenced to determine the mutation spectrum. BaP exposure caused highly significant dose-related decreases in ovarian follicles and increases in ovarian/oviductal and bone marrow mutant frequencies at all doses. Absence of follicles, cell packets, and epithelial tubular structures were observed with 20 and 40 mg/(kg day) BaP. Depletion of ovarian germ cells was inversely associated with ovarian MF. BaP induced primarily G > T and G > C transversions and deletions in ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow cells and produced a mutation signature highly consistent with that of tobacco smoking in human cancers. Overall, our results show that prenatal BaP exposure significantly depletes ovarian germ cells, causes histopathological abnormalities, and increases the burden of ovarian/oviductal mutations, which may be involved in pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian tumors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:410–420, 2019. © 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada     

Cardiac Surgery in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis (CASTER) Study: Early and Long-Term Outcomes

1. Download : Download high-res image (165KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Surgical treatment of radial head isolated Mason III fractures

Introduction

In this retrospective study we have analyzed a consecutive series of patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated with bone resection or prosthesis.

Insights into the pathogenesis of ATP1A1‐related CMT disease using patient‐specific iPSCs

The development of patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offered interesting insights in modeling the pathogenesis of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease and thus we decided to explore the phenotypes of iPSCs derived from a single CMT patient carrying a mutant ATP1A1 allele (p.Pro600Ala). iPSCs clones generated from CMT and control fibroblasts, were induced to differentiate into neural precursors and then into post‐mitotic neurons. Control iPSCs differentiated into neuronal precursors and then into post‐mitotic neurons within 6‐8 days. On the contrary, the differentiation of CMT iPSCs was clearly defective. Electrophysiological properties confirmed that post‐mitotic neurons were less mature compared to the normal counterpart. The impairment of in vitro differentiation of CMT iPSCs only concerned with the neuronal pathway, because they were able to differentiate into mesendodermal cells and other ectodermal derivatives. ATP1A1 was undetectable in the few neuronal cells derived from CMT iPSCs. ATP1A1 gene mutation (p.Pro600Ala), responsible for a form of axonal CMT disease, is associated in vitro with a dramatic alteration of the differentiation of patient‐derived iPSCs into post‐mitotic neurons. Thus, the defect in neuronal cell development might lead in vivo to a decreased number of mature neurons in ATP1A1‐CMT disease.